God's Choice of Judah vs. Joseph

Sometimes the most memorable thing a person will say are his last words.  I can imagine that the final blessing of Jacob to his sons were etched into their minds.  One of the surprising things about his final blessing is some were short, and most were not the most positive of words.   

 

Of his oldest son, Reuben, he said: 

"Reuben, you are my firstborn,
    my might, and the firstfruits of my strength,
    preeminent in dignity and preeminent in power.
Unstable as water, you shall not have preeminence,
    because you went up to your father's bed;
    then you defiled it—he went up to my couch!" (Gen 49:3-4).

Of Simeon and Levi he said:

"Simeon and Levi are brothers;
    weapons of violence are their swords.
Let my soul come not into their council;
    O my glory, be not joined to their company.
For in their anger they killed men,
    and in their willfulness they hamstrung oxen.
Cursed be their anger, for it is fierce,
    and their wrath, for it is cruel!
I will divide them in Jacob
    and scatter them in Israel" (Gen 49:5-7).

Of his youngest son, Benjamin, he said:

"Benjamin is a ravenous wolf,
    in the morning devouring the prey
    and at evening dividing the spoil"  (Gen 49:27).

Due to the dysfunctional activities in the family over the years, most of Jacob’s final words are either short or negative, or both.

However, this is not true of Joseph’s blessing.  Joseph seemed to be a shining star out of all the sons of Jacob.  He exemplified so many of the characteristics a godly man should have.  Even in the face of extreme difficulties, he lived well and died well in the end.  Here are the final words Jacob passed on for Joseph.

 “Joseph is a fruitful bough,
    a fruitful bough by a spring;
    his branches run over the wall.
 The archers bitterly attacked him,
    shot at him, and harassed him severely,
yet his bow remained unmoved;
    his arms were made agile
by the hands of the Mighty One of Jacob
    (from there is the Shepherd, the Stone of Israel),
by the God of your father who will help you,
    by the Almighty who will bless you
    with blessings of heaven above,
blessings of the deep that crouches beneath,
    blessings of the breasts and of the womb.
The blessings of your father
    are mighty beyond the blessings of my parents,
    up to the bounties of the everlasting hills.
May they be on the head of Joseph,
    and on the brow of him who was set apart from his brothers” (Gen 49:22-26).

Based on this, one would think that God’s seed promise to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob would be fulfilled through Joseph.  However, this is not the case.  The seed promise would be fulfilled through the tribe of Judah, which later produced Jesus, the Messiah.

This is rather interesting.  Not only does Judah not occupy a lot of space in the stories of Genesis, but his portrayal is less than flattering.  In Genesis 37:26-27, it was Judah that concocted the plan to sell Joseph into slavery to get rid of him.  In Genesis 38, Judah’s first two sons were evil enough that God took both of their lives.  This left him with a daughter-in-law that was a widow.  To take care of her, he promised his third son as a husband when he was old enough to marry.  However, he told her to go back home to her father until he grew up!  It became evident that Judah had no intention of keeping his promise to Tamar.  Later, it was Judah that went to what he thought was a prostitute.  It was Judah that had to be backed into a corner by Tamar to keep his word.  Judah was indeed a very different man than his brother, Joseph. 

However, Judah appears to have become a changed man later in his life.  In Genesis 43:8-10, Judah offered himself up personally as a guarantee for Jacob’s favorite son, Benjamin.  In Genesis 44:14-34, Judah had every intention of keeping his word.  When Benjamin was going to be held captive in Egypt, Judah offered to stay in Benjamin’s place.  That Judah did this for his father’s favorite son shows Judah to be a changed man.  He acted in a completely different way concerning Benjamin, Jacob’s favorite son at that time.

Perhaps this is why the only other long and positive blessing Jacob gives is to Judah.  Of Judah, Jacob offered this blessing:

“Judah, your brothers shall praise you;
    your hand shall be on the neck of your enemies;
    your father's sons shall bow down before you.
Judah is a lion's cub;
    from the prey, my son, you have gone up.
He stooped down; he crouched as a lion
    and as a lioness; who dares rouse him?
The scepter shall not depart from Judah,
    nor the ruler's staff from between his feet,
until tribute comes to him;
    and to him shall be the obedience of the peoples.
Binding his foal to the vine
    and his donkey's colt to the choice vine,
he has washed his garments in wine
    and his vesture in the blood of grapes.
His eyes are darker than wine,
    and his teeth whiter than milk” (Gen 49:8-12).  

In this blessing, Jacob referred to Judah as a brave lion’s whelp.  He also declared that the ruler’s staff would not depart from Judah, indicating that a ruler would come from him.  This ruler would be none other than Jesus, the Messiah (Mt 1:3,16), the “Lion of the tribe of Judah” (Rev 5:5).

God’s choice of Judah did not exclude the others from receiving the blessing.  However, only one could have the honor of being the vehicle for fulfilling the seed promise.  Why Judah?  Despite the change in his life, he does not stand out in exemplary character the way Joseph did.  This appears to have changed in Judah’s later life, which is a reminder that a man can choose what kind of man he is going to be.

However, God’s choice is not based on our actions, but his grace and favor.  Romans chapter 9 discusses how God’s choice is based on his grace and mercy, not on how much someone has done right or wrong.  It clearly states, “… it depends not on human will or exertion, but on God, who has mercy” (Rom 9:16).  Whether it is choosing the younger, choosing the least, or even choosing the one who has less than exemplary characteristics, it is always according to God’s grace. 

We are God’s chosen because of his mercy.  Spending time in meditation on this will help to displace the pride that God is so opposed to.  Prayerful reflection on this should cause our pride to deflate and our humble thanksgiving to inflate.  This should increase our patience, compassion, grace and mercy for others. 

Knowing the Name of the LORD

I asked my mother why I was named, “John.” She told me that when she got married and came to this country, the president at the time was Johnson. She wanted to name me Johnson. But my Dad said that is not really a first name, but they could shorten to John. That is how I got my name. This story suggests that my parents had hopes and dreams for their first born son. The name was not chosen haphazardly. There was a story and meaning behind it.

One of the major themes in the Bible is the “name” of the LORD, which also has a story and meaning behind it. His name, “Yahweh” is translated by the word, LORD, with all uppercase letters. When God first revealed his name to Moses, he said, “Say this to the people of Israel: ‘I AM (EHYEH) has sent me to you.’” God also said to Moses, “Say this to the people of Israel: ‘The LORD (YAHWEH), the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, has sent me to you.’ This is my name forever, and thus I am to be remembered throughout all generations” (Ex 3:14-15). 

Yahweh means, “He is,” which is another form of the words, “I am.” This raises the question, “He is what?”

When Moses told Pharaoh that Yahweh said to let his people go, Pharaoh replied, “Who is Yahweh that I should obey his voice? I don’t know Yahweh, and moreover, I will not let Israel go” (Ex 5:2). Even though Pharoah audibly heard the name, he did not know Yahweh. In a sense, Israel did not know yet either. The question, “He is what?” hung in the air. 

When God spoke, he gave this recurring refrain “…and you shall know that I am Yahweh…” (Ex 6:7; 7:5,17; 8:10,22; 9:16; 10:2; 14:4,18; 16:12; 29:46; 31:13). Very soon, the question “He is what?” would be answered not through a set of theological propositions, but through God’s actions. God will demonstrate that he is a God that does not forget his covenant with their ancestor, Abraham, and will therefore deliver his people from bondage by striking mighty Pharaoh and all of Egypt.

The answer to the question, “He is what?” is answered through God’s redemptive actions which leads them through the wilderness to Mount Sinai. At Mount Sinai, God bound himself by a covenant to Israel. This reminds us that a person only gives his name to another because they will be enacting some sort of relationship. This is exactly what God does at the base of Mount Sinai. This is why he begins his covenant not with the Ten Commandments, but with the words, “I am Yahweh…” (Ex 20:2).

In the wilderness, God goes on to demonstrate who he is not through passing down theological formulas, but through his actions. This is simply the way it is in a relationship. We know our children and our spouse not simply because we know their names or a list of propositions about them. We know them through their actions. It is the same with God. His name is attached to the accounts of his redemptive actions on behalf of his people. 

His name, “He is,” is not a stand-alone thought. His name is attached to his actions. The accounts and stories of the Bible are what answer the question, “He is what?” He is the living God. He is the God who provides. He is the God who sees. He is the God who hears. He is our redeemer. There are biblical stories and accounts for each of these statements. This is why it is important to remember and reflect on the stories of God in the whole Bible

The After-Effects of your Actions

One of the things I have been struck by in reading through the Bible again this year is the focus on genealogies, especially in the first eleven chapters of Genesis.  In the past, I would breeze through them because this was not my family tree.  I knew nothing about these people other than their names and how long they lived.  However, it dawned on me that if I, along with every other Christian, am a child of Abraham due to faith (Gal 3:7), then this is also my family tree.  This gives me lessons from my heritage.  Perhaps I need to pay a little closer attention to what even a name may teach me.

One of the themes that stands out in the genealogies is the effects of a persons actions.  Genesis 5 has a genealogy that runs from Adam to Noah.  These people had incredibly long life spans, which means many of them were still alive when God flooded the earth.  They were part of the enormously wicked and violent people in the world.  This demonstrates how the effects of Adam’s sin did not stop with him.  It spread to his sons, one of which was murdered by the other (Gen 4:6-8), and to his children’s children, who increased in pride and vengeance (Gen 4:17-24).  Eventually every thought and inclination of man was continually on evil (Gen 6:5).  The only two exceptions appears to be Enoch and Noah (Gen 5:22,29).  

After the flood, sin continued.  There was the incident with a drunken Noah and his son, Ham (Gen 9:20-25).  Sin didn’t stop there, but can be seen in the name of the following genealogy in chapter 10.  There is Babel, which is the origin of Babylon, and Nineveh, he origin of Assyria.  There is Canaan, the father of the Canaanite tribes, including the Jebusites, Amorites, Girgashites, the Hivites, and so forth.  These are the Canaanite nations which God drove out and destroyed due to centuries of sin, which would have included violence, idolatry, immorality, human sacrifice, and a host of other sins which caused the land to “vomit them out” (Lev 18:24-25; Dt 20:16-18).

On the other hand, the genealogies also suggest that a man’s faithful obedience also has an effect on many in future generations.  There are far fewer examples of this, but they are just as significant.  Noah’s faithfulness found favor with God, which is why he and his family was spared from the flood, which preserved humanity from total destruction.  Abraham’s faith became a source of blessing not just for himself, but for all the nations of the earth (Gen 22:18). 

In spite of their faithfulness, they could not turn the overall tide of sin around in the world.  Ultimately, it was one man’s faithful obedience that gave the power to completely undo the devastating effects of sin for all people.  The book of Romans contrasts the disobedience of Adam with its after-effects and the faithful obedience of Christ with its results.  “For as by the one man's disobedience the many were made sinners, so by the one man's obedience the many will be made righteous” (Rom 5:19).  Only Jesus, who was without sin (Heb 4:15), could destroy the power of sin through his atoning work on the cross (1 Cor 15:3), and his renewing work through the Holy Spirit (Tit 2:15).  Through him, we can become the righteousness of God (2 Cor 5:21).

This is a sobering reminder that the effects of my actions, both good and bad, are not limited to me.  They affect people closest to me and even those who are generations away.  As I spend time reflecting on those times when selfish desires creep into my heart, it helps to try and see the big picture of their effects.  At the same time, I need to reflect on how my faithfulness to God can be an example that can also reach those who are generations away.  

Enoch and Noah’s Genealogical Lesson

I remember when I first became interested in family genealogies many years ago.  Much of what I learned were names and dates.  The real treasure was when I was able to dig up additional information, especially stories about the people the names represented.

I was thinking about this in our daily Bible readings.  Enoch and Noah stand out in the genealogy of Genesis 5 because they have more than just names and years.

“Enoch walked with God, and he was not, for God took him” (Gen 5:24).

“…and called his name Noah, saying, “Out of the ground that the LORD has cursed, this one shall bring us relief from our work and from the painful toil of our hands” (Gen 5:29). 

Do Enoch and Noah have anything in common other than getting a little extra information in a genealogical list?  

The first thing to notice is they both were favored by God.  Enoch walked with God (Gen 5:24), and Noah found favor with God (Gen 6:8). Both are included as exemplary models of faith in the eleventh chapter of Hebrews (Heb 11:5,7).  

A second thing to notice is they were both saved by God.  Noah was saved “through water” according to 1 Peter 3:20.  In other words, Noah was saved from the wicked and violent world by the flood.  Enoch was saved the opposite way.  Instead of taking the world by flood, God took Enoch instead.  Enoch’s son, Methusaleh, was still alive when the flood came, which indicates that he did not find favor with God as Noah did.  God saved Enoch from having to experience the wickedness in his children and children’s children that led to the flood.

This is not the only time God would do something like this.  I am reminded of king Josiah, who turned to the Lord with all his heart and enacted a sweeping reform back to Yahweh.  He repaired and rededicated the temple for worship of Yahweh.  He destroyed all of the pagan shrines in the land.  He even went so far as to defile a popular place of pagan worship and sacrifice in the valley of Hinnom so that it could never be used for such purposes again.  The text says there was no king like him who turned with all his heart to Yahweh (2 Kg 23:25).   In spite of this, Pharaoh Neco shockingly defeated and killed him in battle at Megiddo (2 Kg 23:29).  The explanation is in 2 Chronicles 34:24-28, where God had affirmed that he would bring disaster on Jerusalem due to their ongoing pattern of wickedness.  However, God said that he would cause Josiah to die before this happened, sparing him the experience of the destruction of Jerusalem and the Babylonian exile. 

The people of Enoch’s day may not have known why Enoch was taken from this earth even though he walked with God.  The people of Josiah’s day were likely devastated at his defeat and premature death even though he had been faithful to God.  They probably could not have imagined that their departure from this life was due to God’s favor.  However, we the readers of the story have the privilege of seeing the larger picture.  It demonstrates that God does indeed work all things together for good to those that love him (Rom 8:28).

For the present, we do not know all the details of why certain faithful people die “before their time.”  But this story helps to put some perspective on things that may not make sense to us on this side of Heaven.  Enoch and Noah remind us that God will save us one way or another.

The Pursuit of Wisdom

I remember the experiments in the lab with the oscilloscope, schematics, and the circuits on the bench.  Unlike my liberal arts education from college, this was technical training at a technical school.  I never thought of it as the pursuit of wisdom.  In my mind, learning and growing in wisdom was something that came at the feet of a sage or guru.

Eventually, I discovered the biblical view of wisdom was much more expansive than this.  People who were called “wise” or “wise men” included those skilled at making clothes (Ex 28:2), builders and craftsmen (Ex 31:3), and those who were educated to serve in the court of the king (Ex 7:11; Dan 2:12). “Wise men” was a technical term to refer to those who had been educated with knowledge and skill, whether it be technical or philosophical.

This came to mind as I was reading in Genesis 3:6 for my daily Bible reading.  Part of the motivation for eating the fruit of the tree that God had prohibited was that it was “desirable to make one wise.”  Is there some inherent problem with the pursuit of wisdom?  What does the Bible say?  According to Proverbs 4:7, “The beginning of wisdom is this: get wisdom.”  This tells us a very important fact about wisdom.  Wisdom does not fall into one’s lap.  Wisdom does not come automatically with age.  Many people know an aged fool and a wise youth.  This demonstrates that in order to find wisdom, one must “cry out” for it, and search for it diligently as one searches for hidden treasure   Proverbs 2 says that to gain wisdom, one must cry out for insight (Prov 2:3), seek it like silver, and search for it like hidden treasure (Prov 2:4).

Eve wanted to be wise, smart, insightful, and knowledgeable, which is something the Bible encourages.  However, the Bible also teaches in Proverbs 1:7 that the fear of the Lord is the beginning of knowledge.  True wisdom cannot be found without God.  Passages such as Proverbs 1:3, 2:9, and 9:9 makes clear that wisdom and righteousness go hand in hand. Eve engaged in unrighteousness by trying to gain wisdom apart from God. In Genesis 4:17-24, mankind began to gain wisdom in various branches of wisdom such as city building, farming, music, and metal work.  However, along with an increase in skill, knowledge, and learning came an increase in wickedness, violence, and runaway vengeance.  In Genesis 6:5 it says that their thoughts and inclinations were on evil continually.  The world became filled with wickedness and violence. 

This reminds me of a quotation from C.S. Lewis: “Education without values, as useful as it is, seems rather to make man a more clever devil.”  Genesis 3:1-6:5 demonstrated this clearly and it is still happening today.  Nuclear power is useful, but humans have also used it to build bombs that can wipe out humanity.  Medical research is useful, but it can also be used to create killer viruses and wage germ warfare.  Things such as these demonstrate the “secular” pursuit of wisdom that makes man hideously crafty and smart.  Instead of leading to a utopia, it leads to social chaos, violence, and ultimately death and both the physical and spiritual level.  We see this demonstrated in Adam and Eve and in the generations that came after them all the way up to the flood.

This should be a sobering reminder that for Christians there should be no such thing as a “secular” pursuit of knowledge, skill, or wisdom.  All of it must be in honor, service, and faithfulness to God the creator, sustainer and redeemer.

The Calendar

I remember how we used to have a “Master Calendar” on the hallway wall while our boys were growing up.  Back before the days of electronic devices that had the ability to sync everyone’s calendars, we needed a way to make sure everyone in the family communicated our events, appointments, conferences, games, concerts, Youth Rallies, and especially church events.

During my growing years, I never gave a whole lot of thought to where calendars came from.  There were a few times I pondered it, such as the time when I was eight.  My mother showed some of the Korean coins she brought with her from Korea when she came to America. Instead of 1973, or something close to that, the year on the coins were 4294.  I did not realize that other countries counted years differently than we did.  I also did not realize through the centuries and millennia that there were other types of calendars with differing numbers of days and months on them. 

It is interesting how God created the material from which we can use to order our time.  When God created the Sun, Moon, and the Stars, he placed them in the vault/expanse/firmament, and declared what their function would be.  In addition to governing the earth by providing light, God said, “…let them be for signs and for seasons, and for days and years…” (Gen 1:14).  As a result, some people mark time by creating a calendar using the moon.  Others mark time by creating a calendar using the sun.  Either way, God is the one who provided the material for our “seasons, days, and years.”

The word that is translated “seasons” is an interesting word.  In Hebrew, it is “mo’ed,” which is usually translated “appointed time, appointed place, sacred time, or festival.”  Some examples of its use include Exodus 27:21, where it is the Tent of “meeting/appointed time,” Exodus 13:10 where it refers to the “appointed time” for the Feast of Unleavened Bread, Leviticus 23:2 where it refers to the appointed feasts God had set aside for Israel to observe, and many other examples exactly like these in the Old Testament.  This word does not refer to time or seasons in general but more specifically to appointed and sacred times for worship, honor, or commemoration of God.

This means that God gave us the material to create calendars not merely for the purpose of planning our activities, but for setting aside times to thank, worship and serve him.  This is why James 4:13-15 says, “¹³ Come now, you who say, “Today or tomorrow we will go into such and such a town and spend a year there and trade and make a profit”— ¹⁴ yet you do not know what tomorrow will bring. What is your life? For you are a mist that appears for a little time and then vanishes. ¹⁵ Instead you ought to say, “If the Lord wills, we will live and do this or that.”  

God’s will should be the organizing principle behind our calendars, day timers, and planners. The Psalmist prays, “So teach us to number our days that we may get a heart of wisdom.”  Some questions to ask should include: “How would God have me number each day on the calendar?  How does godly wisdom guide me in doing so?  What should be the priorities in filling out the calendar this week?  This month?  This year?